What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is a disease in which malignant or cancerous cells are found in the ovary. An ovary is one of two small, almond-shaped organs located on each side of the uterus that produce female hormones and store eggs or germ cells. In women age 35 to 74, ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. An estimated one woman in 58 will develop ovarian cancer during her lifetime. In 2006, the American Cancer Society estimates that there will be 20,180 new cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed and 15,310 women will die of the disease. (*1)

Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is difficult to detect, especially, in the early stages. This is partly due to the fact that these two small, almond shaped organs are deep within the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the uterus. These are some of the potential signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer:

 Pelvic or abdominal pain or discomfort
· Vague but persistent gastrointestinal upsets such as gas, nausea, and indigestion
 
· Frequency and/or urgency of urination in the absence of an infection
 
· Unexplained weight gain or weight loss
 
· Pelvic and/or abdominal swelling, bloating and/or feeling of fullness
 
· Ongoing unusual fatigue
 
· Unexplained changes in bowel habits

If symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks, consult your physician.

Persistence of Symptoms

When the symptoms are persistent, when they do not resolve with normal interventions (like diet change, exercise, laxatives, rest) it is imperative for a woman to see her doctor. Persistence of symptoms is key. Because these signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer have been described as vague or silent, only around 19% of ovarian cancer is found in the early stages. Symptoms typically occur in advanced stages when tumor growth creates pressure on the bladder and rectum, and fluid begins to form.

A Rectovaginal pelvic examination is when the doctor simultaneously inserts one finger in the rectum and one in the vagina.
It is helpful to take a mild laxative or enema before the pelvic exam.
Have a comprehensive family history taken by a physician knowledgeable in the risks associated with ovarian cancer. 5% to 10% of ovarian cancer has a familial link.
Every woman should undergo a regular rectal and vaginal pelvic examination. If an irregularity of the ovary is found, alternatives to evaluation include transvaginal sonography and/or tumor markers. The most common tumor marker is a blood test called the CA-125. (*1)


References*: 
1 - www.ovarian.org